Disadvantages to Patriot Act

Disadvantages to the Patriot act (USAPA); There are six flaws to the act that was passed into law on October 26th, 2001: It takes away civil rights, by doing so it destroys the definition of what it means to be an American Citizen [ (talkradio101, 2010) ]. The feeling is that by destroying our way of life is the best way to reward or give victory to the terrorist [ (topix, 2012) ]. Secondly, Constitutional protections are violated, the U. S. Constitution is the most lasting, well-written document, and this is why our nation has become the most successful nation [ (talkradio101, 2010) ].People from all over the world have migrated here for the freedom of religious practice, now you can be tracked to your place of worship which violates the 1st Amendment violation), you can be held without trial, without representation or facing the witnesses against them which are violations of the 6th and 7th Amendments. Third is potential for abuse by current administration and future administration s, this â€Å"War on Terror† potentially has no end; there will not be a cease fire or peace treaty signed to officially end the war like in nation-vs. nation wars [ (talkradio101, 2010) ]. This means that the â€Å"time of danger† will never end and that the government will continue to violate our rights [ (NPR, 2012) ]. Fourthly is the act increases the possibility for racial profiling or other means of discrimination and harassment, we have many law-abiding loyal Americans who are of Arab decent, have Muslim Beliefs and work in high profile careers, such as nuclear scientist and biowepons experts [ (NPR, 2012) ].We have come a long way in our many civil rights abuses of the past and something like this could cause a detrimental slip backwards for our nations [ (talkradio101, 2010) ]. Fifth flaw is the use of gathered information by government for non-terror/political purposes, this information could be used for blackmail, embarrassment of rivals to further a career or gain the upper hand in a political race. This information could be used to bring down anyone who would chose to speak out against the country or even someone in political power.Lastly all of the first flaws could lead to the abuse of Muslims and other groups causing a shift in viable sources of information to locate terrorist and possibly creating new terrorist [ (topix, 2012) ] [ (NPR, 2012) ]. Works Cited NPR. (2012, October 29). NPR. org. Retrieved from www. npr. org: www. npr. org/news/specials/patriotact/patriotactprovisions. html talkradio101. (2010, May 18). Retrieved from www. talkradio101. com: http://www. talkradio101. com topix. (2012, October 29). www. topix. com. Retrieved from Topix. com: www. topix. com/forum/us/patriot-act/TUPOA5NOIQKIFN8FE/p3

Support Childrens and Young People’s Health and Safety

2. 1 Demonstrate how to identify potential hazards to the health, safety and security of children or young people, families and other visitors and colleagues. co.uk/2-5-food-safety/">Food safety:- †¢Appropriate clothing-when handling food I wear latex gloves and apron and always tie my hair back †¢Washing hands-children are taught the importance of why washing hands needs to be done when handling food. †¢Food stock-at our school we have staff who are in charge of making sure the milk and fruit is in date and stored correctly. They distribute it around the school. Allergies to food-we send out and keep a file of consent forms. In my class there is a girl who is allergic to eggs and fish so when she handles them she has to wear latex gloves. †¢Age equivalent equipment-we have plastic knives for the younger children to use. Before using equipment it is thoroughly cleaned and checked for damage or faults. We have cutlery with special grippers for children with special or extra needs. †¢Food stored at the correct temperature-if using food for experiments or baking I must make sure it is stored correctly and at the right temperature to stop it going off. Food is in date-when using food in school I check the dates on the food before using it for any activity, if a child or member of staff was to eat go off food they could become seriously poorly. †¢Food is disposed of correctly-when throwing away unused or leftover food we have bins outside of the building specifically for food waste. Physical:- †¢Checking the environment-I always make sure the classroom is safe before the children enter, if going outside I check the area for any hazards. †¢Display boards-make sure they are up to date and display notices to the children, staff and visitors on how to be safe around the school environment. Equipment-make sure all equipment is risk assessed and PAT stickers/stamps are in date before using equipment. If children were to use a faulty laptop they could be electrocuted. †¢Spillages- clean up any spills in the classroom, in my class the children bring juice bottles for break time when they leak or spill I clean it up immediately to prevent slips and falls. †¢Trip hazards- cables to computers and white boards must be out of reach for the children because if they were to trip they could easily hurt themselves. Security:- Unlocked gates: – I always check that the gates are locked before allowing the children to go outside, this stops the children getting out and unauthorised people entering. †¢Sign in- when entering the school grounds you must sign in and out, you are issued with a visitor sticker to show the rest of the people in the school that you are a visitor. †¢Electronic zappers- all staff in my school have electronic zappers this is so you can gain entry around the building. This stops strangers and unauthorised people gaining access to the school. Phone system- in our school we hav e telephones in each classroom and room, this is so if an accident or incident happens staff are alerted immediately. Fire:- †¢Don’t cover radiators- in our school we have blow heaters and these must never be covered my wet or damp clothing, they will overheat and could catch fire. †¢New pupils/staff-when a new member of staff or pupil joins the school they are made aware of the fire procedures, they are given a tour of the buildings and made aware of the fire exits. Liquids by electrical items- we are not allowed to keep cups or glasses with any liquids in or around the classroom, if they were to be spilt by the computer that would be a fire risk. Children juice bottles are kept in a tray away from any electrical equipment. †¢Fire drills- when the fire alarm goes off we line the children up on the playground and complete a head count to make sure all pupils are present. Personal safety:- †¢Correct footwear- in our school we are not allowed to wear open to ed shoes or sandals. If we were to drop or spill something on our feet we could seriously hurt ourselves. Parents evening-we hold our parents evening in the hall, all teachers are together and never left alone. The teaching assistants run a creche facility together so we are never left alone with the children or parents either. †¢After hours- when parents want a meeting with their child’s class teacher I always make sure I am present in the classroom so that the teacher is not left alone. †¢Jewellery-we can wear stud type earrings but are not allowed to wear hoops or dangly earrings, this is because they can easily get caught or ripped out by the children.

Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability and Protection Case Study

Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability and Protection - Case Study Example It also needs rail and road transport as well as pipeline to supply it with the fuel for generators, water for emotions control and cooling, finance and banking for purchases of fuel, and telecommunications for system status monitoring and e-commerce. Mat times of component failure or emergencies, other critical dependencies on the same infrastructure will be used by the electricity infrastructure, yet within the same infrastructure. A good example is petroleum fuel for the emergency generators and transportation of repair materials. In this example, the supported infrastructure is electricity which is supported by water, telecommunications, transport, and the other infrastructures (Ronaldi, Peeremboom, & Kelly, 2001). Interdependency is bidirectional relationship existing between two infrastructures whereby is correlated or influences the other one’s state. These increase complexity of the system or systems dramatically. They are characterized by infrastructural multiple connections, feed forward and feedback paths as well as intricate, branching topologies. An intricate web is created by the connections, which depending on its linkages characteristics could transmit shocks across the broad swaths of the economy as well as through multiple infrastructures (Ronaldi, Peeremboom, & Kelly, 2001). Infrastructure interconnection causes vulnerability to failure. For instance, a cascading failure will occur when a certain disrupted infrastructure will cause a component of the other infrastructure to fail creating disruption on the infrastructure. An escalating failure will occur when a disruption that is existing disruption in the first infrastructure will intensify an independent commotion in the other infrastructure, normally worsening the situation in terms of recovery time or restoration time of the second failure. A common cause failure will occur when several networks of infrastructure are at the same time disrupted: there is failure in components in each

In what ways, if any, can Shelleys Prometheus Unbound be considered a Essay

In what ways, if any, can Shelleys Prometheus Unbound be considered a revolutionary work - Essay Example This is why it speaks to us even today. P. B. Shelley was an English Romantic poet who rebelled against English politics and conservative values. He drew no distinction between politics and poetry and his work reflected the radical ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era. Like many poets of his times, Shelley employed mythological themes and figures from Greek poetry. Poets and scholars have traditionally read the tale of Prometheus as a lesson in revolution, seeing the imprisoned Titan as an emblem of the lone individual in heroic rebellion against mindless tyranny. The title character, Prometheus is perhaps more than other heroes and serves the scholars as a sort of critical mirror. As many critics have noted, through the doubling of the human qualities of Prometheus and Jupiter, Shelley subtly emphasizes the lack of distance between the tyrant and the slave, and also the cynical nature of time through periods of liberty and tyranny. Shelley’s manipulation of genres throughout Prometheus Unbound creates a con trolled sense of expectation and contrast that permits him to progressively expand his drama towards universal harmony. The lyrical harmonization of the universe pervades all levels of drama, uniting the mental drama of Prometheus and with the external drama of a transformed world, signaling the affirmative revolutionary edict of a new age of humanity. In Prometheus Unbound Shelley uses the old myth of the Titan who rebelled against the tyranny of the gods and who was punished by being chained to the rock. Obviously there is no amount of reality or human interest in the fantasy. There are two plays named Prometheus unbound. Both are concerned with the torments of the Greek mythological figure Prometheus and his suffering at the hand of Zeus. Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound is a four act play first published in 1820. It is an inspiration from the first ‘Prometheus Bound’ by Aeschylus

E-Health Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-Health Program - Essay Example Before the internet, if health problems were to arise in an individual, he/she was generally taken care of in the doctor's office or by home remedies. If any questions were to arise about the health of yourself or others, the expertise of a doctor or nurse was generally needed. The WebMD health website is a website that has been designed to answer the questions about anything from medications to illnesses and can easily be obtained in a matter of seconds. Also, being able to communicate with the doctors or order prescriptions online has proved to be a huge advantage. In the next few paragraphs, the advantages of WebMD services and its impact on the health care industry will be discussed. WebMD has been a huge advantage to the health care industry for many reasons, one being the use of the WebMD to research medications. WebMD that contain information on any thing from medications and their uses to finding out about diseases and their causes. Everything about a drug is listed from what illnesses the drug treats down to its structural formula. Studies show that 71.5% of people who used WebMD health care to do research felt more knowledgeable about their illness and the medications they were taking (Paasche-Orlow etal 2005). WebMD.com may be utilized as an extremely resourceful web page to seek illnesses. Any question that the user has regarding an illness or disease is answered. This access to information is very good for people who do not understand their illness and its side effects. For instance, when a doctor informs the patient about their illness, many patients do not understand the doctor's terminology. With WebMD.com, the patient is able to do further research about their illness in words and phrases they can understand. Communicating with Doctors Online The WebMD is becoming an important alternative for patients and health care providers to share information with one another. The patient is now able to email or chat with the doctor about any questions they may have, as well as the doctor being able to inform the patient of any new medications or alternative medicine that will help the healing process. Financial Ramifications The financial ramifications of implementing the planned scope of practice will be more than enough . More than the expected increased costs of training at the complex levels, the likelihood for reimbursement for a number of the new components of the scope of practice in the majority Webmed services do not reimburse for their various services . First Responders cannot attain reimbursement. To make a new level always is in need of huge investment in time as well as cost and then not be capable enough to be reimbursed for Webmed sservices is a major issue . Opportunities for the WebMD in Healthcare Clearly, one of the benefits of the WebMD is its ability to provide real-time communications with doctors without having to transport patients to and from the doctor's office. This also helps with

Financing Organizational Technology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financing Organizational Technology - Coursework Example In this ever changing global business scenario, for a company to stay ahead of its competitors, there is a need to think out of the box, think slightly outside of the monetary profit that the company would get, and look objectively at what the company stands to gain or lose from their outsourcing decisions. FINANCING ORGANIZATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IT OUTSOURCING IN TODAY’S WORLD In today’s highly competitive business management scenario, outsourcing is the most effective way to decrease costs and overheads for more time-consuming and man hour depleting tasks for most companies. IT services such as call center services and e-mail are the tasks that are most commonly outsourced by companies. The main benefit of outsourcing is the fact that to most companies, outsourcing is a lot cheaper for them, because the companies they contract are dedicated to this task, so they charge less than what the companies might have to spend in order for them to do the tasks themselves. Also, it allows the company to focus its efforts and man power towards other objectives and problems that are more important. The management does not have to waste time on such menial tasks, and can turn their heads to more significant problems (Innes, Liu, Miller, 2008). Now people usually just look at the direct financial indicators involved in outsourcing, which is undoubtedly the single most important factor which needs to be taken into account. However, when it comes to IT, only the financial indicators do not give a complete or the most accurate picture of the investment or consequences of outsourcing (RivardNah & Aubert, 2008). Globalization and the ever changing technological scenario of the world has changed the way business is carried out. Core business processes are no longer looked upon as the sole responsibility of the owner. The management of the companies no longer distinguishes between core and non-core business processes, but views them as dispensable components that they ca n either focus on themselves, or outsource to external partners. In order for a company to reach a decision as to whether it is going to outsource a certain task, there are some criteria against which the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing to that company are evaluated (Innes, Liu, Miller, 2008). The main points include: 1. Profitability 2. Capital Structure of the Company 3. Debt Measures of the Company These are some of the main points an organization must keep in mind before outsourcing it’s tasks. The company must also keep in mind the aspects of the organization that it is contracting for the outsourcing, which include: 1. Sales Achievements 2. Performance 3. Quality of Service 4. Responsiveness 5. Competence 6. Reliability 7. Satisfaction As can be seen above, profitability heads the list of criteria against which the outsourcing decision is to be judged. The most obvious financial benefit is the fact that the outsourcing would cost less money for the company a s compared to doing the work internally, thereby resulting in an increase in profits. Since the personnel cost of the IT department decreases, the cost of goods sold would also decrease (IBM Corp, 2008). However, profitability refers to not just the visible financial benefit that the company would get from outsourcing, but also that the company will be able to reduce the costs in

Survey Paper for Desktop Virtualization Assignment

Survey Paper for Desktop Virtualization - Assignment Example The notion of desktop virtualization is turning out to be a deliberate IT practice in the recent years (Intel Corporation 3-20). The survey paper intends to explore the concepts associated with desktop virtualization and the various techniques used with it. The differences amid the techniques and its useful performances will be evaluated for better understanding. Hosted desktop virtualization is a situation wherein the server positioned in the data center hosts the virtual machines. In this form of interface, the connection to the server is made through connection brokers wherein the user receives the interface with the help of the standard protocols, for instance, the Remote Desktop Protocol. With regard to hosted desktop virtualization, the market leader is the VMware Inc. and Virtual Iron Software Inc. is at the subsequent position (Santosus 1-6). This technique provides several benefits to the clients such as the standardization, flexibility along with cost savings. Client virtualization uses the â€Å"hypervisor† model software which is connected to the client device so that one desktop is able to run numerous operating systems efficiently. This is different from the hosted virtualization as it runs numerous operating systems. The leader in the market for the client virtualization is VMware Inc. and Microsoft Corporation (Santosus 1-6). It is effective as it provides security and cost effectiveness to a great extent and also operates as cloud client virtualization (Grumke 3-35). The aim of desktop virtualization is not to condense the number of the personal computers. The motive of virtualization is to decrease the complexities related with deploying along with maintaining the client devices. This is an important way of increasing the life span of the processing. Hosted desktop virtualization technique leads to better

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Famine, Affluence, and Morality - Essay Example From this study it is clear that poverty leads to low standards of living while most civil wars normally lead to increased number of refugees running for safety from the neighboring countries. In the reporter's view, this is problems, which can be prevented if people become morally upright where they put humanity before greed and money. Again, he believes that rich nations are not helping enough to take care of the current situation in helping the affected countries in various parts of the world. Although it is not their responsibility to help the poor and suffering nations, he believes they should take it as their mandate to give guidelines on how various issues and dilemmas should be handled they arise. For instance, in cases of civil wars, representatives from the international humanitarian bodies should take responsibility of calling upon the warring leaders and bring them on board to discuss and get a permanent solution to end the wars.This essay stresses that  the parliament representatives whom we elected to represent our interest to the government are not doing enough to change the current situation. As evident in most developing countries, most of them forgot the needs of people who elected in the first place once they get into the parliament. This is because they are not asking much from the government in terms assistance to help the affected persons.  They are not holding enough demonstrations with the members of the public to make their interests and needs known by the national government.

Legalization of Marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legalization of Marijuana - Research Paper Example Teenagers are naturally inquisitive, one of the justifications given for this age group experimenting with drugs. They also are inclined to become bored easily and experience recurrent emotional highs and lows, all probable factors in teenage marijuana use. Drug use increases the chance that teenagers will contract a social disease, become pregnant, perform inadequately in school and attempt suicide as this paper will examine. State and Support Three Claims Adolescents are in a more vulnerable life circumstance than are adults because teens are still developing in every facet of their lives. Regrettably, it is this same group that has the most access to marijuana as schools have become prolific illegal drug stores. Statistics collected by the National Institute on Drug Abuse demonstrate that schoolchildren have easy access to drugs and alcohol. â€Å"The average age of first alcohol use is 12 and the average age of first drug use is 13. Almost two-thirds of all American young people try illicit drugs before they finish high school† (Anderson, 1996) The relationship between illegal drug use among teens and an increased occurrence of sexual activity is a broadly accepted reality by both researchers and the general public. Many studies have time and again demonstrated an association between unsafe sexual behavior and illegal drug use by teenagers. Drug users are more prone to take risks than do teens that don’t use drugs. This may be an obvious assertion but a tendency to take unnecessary chances with their health combined with a lowering of inhibitions while on drugs and the inherent need of all teens to feel accepted by their peer group leads to increased sexual activity. This problematic circumstance also enhances the chance of teens having multiple sexual partners, having sex at an earlier age and decreases the odds that they will utilize contraception than those that do not use marijuana. â€Å"Teens 15 and older who use drugs are five times mo re likely to have sex than are those teens who do not use drugs and teens who have used marijuana are four times more likely to have been pregnant or to have gotten someone pregnant than teens who have never smoked pot† (The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 1997). Teenagers are more emotionally unstable younger children and adults which explains the higher suicide rate among that age group. A study involving teenagers found that of those who attempted suicide, illegal drug abuse was the most often shared aspect of their lives. Of the teens that committed suicide, 70 per cent were regular users of illegal drugs and/or alcohol. However, this study and current research reveal that drug use alone may not instigate suicide just that drug use and teen suicide is statically related. Teens who experience emotional troubles to a higher degree than their classmates have an even greater likelihood of considering suicide and to use illegal drugs. Additionally drugs could magnify a pre-existing emotional condition and â€Å"may impair the judgment of teens considering suicide, making suicide attempts more likely† (Shaffer et al, 1996). Discussing Arguments: Dialogue The majority and probably all countries of the world face the steady trafficking of illegal drugs across their borders. Countries are increasingly realizing that the illegal importation of drugs, a criminal act, generally involves people of foreign origin, is ultimately more harmful to society than is

The Natural Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Natural - Essay Example Hobbs’ ambition to excel in baseball is significantly affected when a woman whose motivation is not known, because she does not give any reason to explain her actions shoots, him in the leg. The novel is based on Hobbs’s challenges of getting back to his feet and getting back into baseball. This paper seeks to discuss symbolism in the novel titled The Natural by Bernard Malamud. There is the part where a tree is struck by lightning and Roy Hobbs proceeds to make a baseball bat out the wood from the struck down tree. This can be construed to mean that it was Hobbs’ way of being baptized by fire in order to become better. Hobbs is shown being good in the scene as a pitcher, but he is even a better batter where his legend is established for the rest of the novel (Malamund 120). Every time that Hobbs pitched would have restricted if he had not overcome his being shot and the adversity that he faced after the fact, and his reinvention as an even greater ball player. T he lightning bolt that hit the tree is indicated to have been on the bat, and his wearing the significant number nine in baseball. Hobbs and Ted Williams are both illustrated wearing red, and they are both honoured during the final bats of their careers. Hobbs bat is modelled after that of Ted Williams and shoeless Joe Jackson, and Hobbs was prosecuted for throwing a game. All of these great athletes had names for their baseball bats, which they held onto jealously and fervently. The use of symbolism in the novel is vital in helping the reader understand the theme and the meaning of the novel as well as the time in which it took place. Symbolism takes the form of characters like women who strongly influence Hobbs’ actions and emotions. Harriet Bird is a woman that Hobbs falls in love with first, and he does almost anything possible in his position gain her attention. Harriet Bird uses Hobbs infatuation with her to seduce and lure him into her room where shoots him in the stom ach which prevents him from joining the Chicago Cubs. Symbolism is illustrated in major league baseball and how it plays a significant part in the development of both characters and the novel’s story line. The path, which Roy’s career follows, portrays Eddies Waitkus and Babe Ruth’s career. Eddie Waitkus played for the Chicago Cubs for eleven years and the Philadelphia Phillies, and he was also lured into a crazed female fan’s hotel room and shot in the stomach which ended his career in baseball (Solotaroff 68). The same happens, in the novel, and the protagonist misses fifteen years of his career in baseball. Hobbs agreement with the Judge Banner to throw the final game symbolizes the renowned scandal, in the 1919 World Series, which involved Shoeless Joe Jackson and the Chicago Black Sox. Multiple Black Sox players took part in throwing and fixing the series for which they received handsome amounts of cash from bookies and other influential people in so ciety (Cheuse & Delbanco 184). Hobbs does the same in the novel, but in this instance, it is the owner of the club who wants him to throw the game in the final regular season game. This is because this game would determine which team would proceed into the postseason, and Roy Hobbs accepts a monetary bribe from Judge Banner for striking-out every time he bats for the team. The meaning of the term natural has a different meaning in the Middle Ages than it means in baseball terminology or the 21st century, which gives the

Hemophilia Summary Essay Example for Free

Hemophilia Summary Essay Background -Hemophilia A is an inherited disorder in which one of the proteins needed to form blood clots is missing or reduced. This lacking protein is known as blood clotting factor 8. Without F8, the blood cannot clot properly to stop bleeding and can result in excessive bleeding or disabilities. Hemophilia A -When blood is not able to clot and allow wounds to heal, this is a result of Hemophilia A Symptoms Include: -Prolonged bleeding from cuts -Excessive nose bleeds -Many large bruisings -1 in 5,000 males are affected Blood Coagulation -Blood coagulation is the defensive process that causes blood to clot and helps prevent excessive blood loss when blood vessels are injured. -Coagulation is a complex process that involves 20 to 30 components, called blood coagulation factors, and a series of complex chemical reactions. -When a blood vessel is injured, platelets in the area of the damage clump together and stick to the edges of the cut to begin the coagulation process. -Platelets are fragments of cells containing clotting factors and play a major role in blood clotting. -These clotting factors help platelets stick together and activate fibrin. (These clotting factors combine with a protein called prothrombin in a reaction that converts prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen (a protein present in plasma) into long, sticky threads of another protein called fibrin) -The fibrin forms a mesh-like net over the opening and traps red blood cells as they try to leak out of the cut. -As the clot hardens, it forms a protective seal over the cut so that the injury can heal and the vessel wall can be restored. Factor 8 -One specific intrinsic clotting cofactor that stabilizes the fibrin clot is Factor 8. -F8 is activated by thrombin in the presence and is a cofactor in the activation of factor X (WHAT DOES X DO) -Ultimately Factor F8 cross-links fibrin polymers solidifying the clot. -Without this coagulation factor, vessels are not able to heal and therefore result in excessive bleeding (also known as Hemophilia A) Causes of F8 deficiency -Numerous mutations in the gene structure have been discovered. -Genetic abnormalities include genetic deletions of variable size, abnormalities with stop codons, and frame-shift defects. -Data suggest that 45% of severe hemophilia A cases result from an inversion mutation. F8 Gene -the F8 gene is located in the proximal part of chromosome X and is expressed in human liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and a variety of other tissues, -It’s one of the largest genes; it is 186 kilobases (kb) long and has a 9-kb coding region that contains 26 exons and 25 introns. -The shaded green region to a full blue and incomplete red displays that the gene gets transcribed into mRNA but not translated into proteins. Shaded green is the 5 and 3 untranslated regions that are able to bind to something else. -variant (1) consists of 26 exons and encodes the full-length isoform (a) -variant (2) contains an unique 5 exon located within intron 22 of transcript variant 1 Crystal Structure Is composed of a Ca Ion, Cu Ion, Alpha-D-Mannose N-Acetyl-D-Glucoamine. (Find out the importance/functions of these..?) Arrows = beta sheets Coils = alpha helix -how the F8 factor is incorporated / works in the overall protein. -responsible for generating the larger amounts of Xa and thrombin required for clot formation. -Covalent cross-linking of fibrin polymers by activated factor XIII (XIIIa) is required for adequate clot strength and normal wound healing. -How it works: catalyzes a transglutamination reaction that initially cross-links the C-terminal ends of the g chains on adjacent fibrin monomers. Intrinsic / Extrinsic It turns out that you actually need both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in your body. In a test tube, you can form fibrin along either pathway. But in the body, the pathways are intertwined in such a way that if you’re missing something on either the extrinsic or intrinsic side, you won’t be able to clot properly. In our bodies, the thing that kicks off the clotting cascade is tissue factor â€Å"exposure.† Tissue factor is not floating around in the blood normally – or at least, it isn’t normally â€Å"visible† to the blood (it might be in little membrane fragments, but it’s not active until it’s needed). When you need to form a clot, tissue factor appears, and together with factor VIIa (which happens to be just floating around in the blood) it converts factor X to Xa (which then converts prothrombin to thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin). So: clotting initially begins along the extrinsic pathway. The weird thing, though, is that as soon as we make a little Xa, that Xa (along with the aptly-named tissue factor pathway inhibitor) turns off the extrinsic pathway! A little thrombin is formed, though, before the pathway gets turned off – and that thrombin kicks off the intrinsic pathway (the other side of the cascade, with factors VIII and IX). Fibrin formation then proceeds along this pathway until it’s no longer needed. The bottom line is: you need both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to form fibrin in vivo. If you don’t have factors VIII or IX, you can’t utilize the intrinsic pathway – and you’ll have a very hard time forming fibrin! Intrinsic / Extrinsic Include the two different pathways that lead to the formation of a fibrin clot: the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. Although they are initiated by distinct mechanisms, the two converge on a common pathway that leads to clot formation. Both pathways are complex and involve numerous different proteins termed clotting factors.

Elasticity of Demand Essay Example for Free

Elasticity of Demand Essay Elasticity of demand, also known as price elasticity refers to the way people react to price changes. The greater the demand elasticity, the more sensitive people are to changes in pricing. The degree of demand of a product or service depends on its pricing. If the product is priced lower, it will experience high demand while a higher priced product may see lower demand. Generally, products such as cars, appliances, cosmetics and other non-essential items show elasticity of demand while food, medicine, clothing and other necessities display inelasticity of demand. Our survey consist various types of green teas which are Dilmah, Lipton and Ten Ren. All three products that we surveyed contained the same amount of tea bags which is 20 tea bags. Dilmah was priced at RM8. 00 which comes up to RM0. 40 cents a bag and Ten Ren was priced at RM8. 79 which comes up to RM0. 44 cents a bag while Lipton was priced at RM18. 40 making it RM0. 92 cents per bag. From this information itself, we can say that Dilmah and Ten Ren are similarly priced while Lipton is priced considerably high compared to Dilmah or Ten Ren. According to the concept of price elasticity of demand, a 10% rise in price will result in a more than 10% drop in quantity demanded if a product shows elasticity of demand. If a product show inelasticity of demand, a 10% rise in price will result in a less than 10% drop in quantity demanded. At the price range of RM8. 00 to RM8. 79, we assume that Dilmah and Ten Ren are products that show inelasticity of demand while Lipton priced much higher at RM18. 40 shows elasticity of demand. We argue that this is due to the nature of the good where Dilmah and Ten Ren are considered necessities while Lipton is considered a luxury because they are aim towards different markets. Dilmah, Ten Ren and Lipton are supposed to be similarly priced because all three brands are Green Tea and carry two bags each but the higher pricing of Lipton suggests otherwise. Substitutes are supposed to be similar in pricing. Therefore this justifies that Lipton is a luxury good and aimed for a higher market. A lot of close substitutes exists at similar pricing for Ten Ren and Dilmah such as BOH and Cameron who also offer Green Tea. At this market, when one product experiences a change in price, a substitute of the product will either experience an increase or decrease in quantity demanded depending on the nature of the price change. Therefore due to the availability of many close substitutes, demand is more elastic for Ten Ren and Dilmah. However for Lipton which is aimed at a different market, the existence of close substitutes are almost none. Hence, Lipton would show an inelasticity of demand. When the income of consumer increases, the share of budget increases. Therefore, consumers have the ability to choose more. Luxurious product can be also purchased depend on the consumers budget, then the quantity increase as well. Since, Lipton is luxury good, when our consumer’s income increase, they will choose Lipton instead of Dilamh and Ten Ren. Moreover, when the income of consumer decreases, share of budget also decreases. Therefore, they will not choose luxury product, they will choose more necessity product such as Dilmah and Ten Ren. http://www. ehow. com/info_12132333_advantages-elasticity-demand. tml http://www. investopedia. com/terms/c/complement. asp http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/elasticity-of-demand. html Complements are very important these days. Complement is a product that is used in together with another product. There are no fixed complements for green tea (Ten Ren, Dilmah, Lipton). However, some consumers use complements such as sugar or honey to go with their green tea. In this situation, a decrease in th e price of sugar or honey might lead to an increase of quantity demanded of green tea. ( Ten Ren, Dilmah, Lipton).

Summary On Luxurious Watch In India Marketing Essay

Summary On Luxurious Watch In India Marketing Essay Good times are predicted and as well as seen for the watch industry in India, where the consumers going unmindful of their prices. Due to the emergence of a powerful middle class in India will keep the countrys economy on an upswing. If industry experts are to be believed then the country holds a very huge potential market for the luxurious watch, where earlier the market was dominated by only HMT and Allwyn brands. The industry currently is holding $195 million despite the fact that the penetration of watches is the lowest when compared globally and this resulting the other global companies to settle up there base in India where the average growth rate can be predicted to be around 20 25 percent per year, total size of the market for luxirous watch is estimated to be 600 cr which plans to stick to high tagline and is ready to witness a whopping 1.40 lakh families spending on such brands by 2010 as compared to 2000 families in 2002. The top brands in luxurious watch segment are the Swiss, Rado, Tagheuar, Casio, Cartier, Rolex, Omega and others. The government has control over the international brand price and there is severe price competition. Porters 5 force model Industry Analysis Intense Rivalry: This is where rivalry exists among competitors of the same industry to an extent where pressure is put on one another and limits each others profit potential. Luxurious watch industry in India is highly competitive as there are various numbers of different players fighting among themselves. The key players of Indian market are following : Titan HMT Timex The new entrants in to the watch industry are the Swiss, Rolex, Omega, and Rado where Omega is dominating the industry by 27 percentages. Due to the new entrants, the market share for the key players has lowered. The top 5players currently holding 15percentage of market share. The industry is very attractive for the new companies to come and therefore growth prospectuses are quite high. The main reason for the intense industry rivalry is due to entry barriers that are quite low. Swiss and Rolex have created big brands over the year. Bargain power of Buyers: Due to changing trend in the market, people have high preference of buying unpredictably. Consumers have been provided a wide scope on selecting on their choice along with the niche market that adds up an advantage to the consumer. As the market prices are not sensitive that is, it does not show the effect when there is change in stock exchange. Moreover, due to the uniqness in the product there is relatively low brand switching. Bargain Power of Suppliers: For an industry, achieving loyalty of customers is difficult, companies within the industry are having, and developing innovative products that fulfil customer needs in order to achieve the loyalty. Since there are number of companies with in the same industry, it has made tough for the suppliers to whom to work and supply. Threat of substitute: having an alternative product with lower price but with better quality and performance explains the concept of threat of substitute. For the watch industry, the threat of substitute is very high since most of us can access to mobile phones, handled computing devices, which are capable of providing correct timings as well for different countries without having to access other mobile phones. Since the growth rate of the market is rising slowly, there is the threat where the population considered to be, as middle class prefer to own watch, which are cheap, and does show time. Threat of New Entrants : threat of new entrants in the watch industry is quite low as India is growing at a slow space and since there is growing number of finance companies coming up to finance, more and more international brands coming in and settling down and establishing themselves. In the situation when a new entrant enters in the market, change major determinants of the market environment, determinants such as market shares, prices, customer loyalty. Entrants as Omega and Rolex consider the market as challenging because of the existing companies have closer relationships with the customers and most importantly have to consider the brand switching from one company to another. Pestle Analysis for the industry Political factors: Stability of government is not well settled and hence requires better stability though it is not highly affected. However, there are cases when instability causes a foreign company or a brand to enter the market. Due to excessive advertisement where family concern has to be taken, in some case it is not done and hence intervenes of the political issues. Moreover, since political issues are involved there are threatening to the investors who had to invest in foreign advertisements. Since most of the materials to build are imported which attracts huge amount of Excise Duty on Manufacturing Retail Price instead of the manufacturing. Due to which most of the luxurious watch are literally out of reach to those who wanted to at least own. Economic Stability : When talking about India, there are various number of taxes like, Excise duty (State and central), Custom duty, Profession tax, Service tax, Income tax, Royalty, Larcenous fees, hazardous substance handling and other charges to be paid which makes the total amount to be around 40 45 percentage of the actual cost. During the recession time, where Asian countries were least affected, where rising incomes in the emerging market which have led to the new categories of buyers. Though huge numbers of taxes are involved, there are still potential opportunities for ultra expensive watch manufactures to set up their base in India. Social Culture: association with the luxury items and having self-esteems and creating a social status of a person creates more demand for having a luxurious product; in this case, it is the luxurious watch. Culture is developing themselves to own a luxury watch in order to full fill their self esteem and also stand out of crowd, this attracting more number of investors to invest into the foreign brands. Technology: Here technology plays an extensive role where conversion of analogue to digital waterproof watches which have created a huge market for the developers to have more innovative watches. Environmental factor: this factor does not affect much of the watch industry, unless if its summer time where over heating of new technologies in watch are noticed and its very rare. The Structural drivers leading to the growth of industry The cost globalisation: this factor gives potential for competitive advantage since some of the international luxurious watch companies, which deal in large volume standardized production required for optimum economics of scale and find the electric components required manufacturing and other parts regarding the watch are easily available with less cost factor. Labour cost in India is quite cheaper than other countries because highly skilled but low cost staffs are available. The drivers to the growth of watch industry are due to the Economic factor, Social factors, Demographic factors which play an extensive role to motivate the consumers to buy which includes occupation, education level of a person, lifestyle of a person, and the main one is the Psychological attributes like attitude, value system which influences people to buying behaviour. Since nature of having a luxurious item is perceived by an individual is a status symbol in a society and displays the wealth or the income are related to conspicuous consumption, which is a socio economic phenomenon. There is an also increase trend in market globalisation where customer needs and preferences are becoming more similar. As markets globalize, those operating in such markets become global customers and may search suppliers who may operate on global basis. Other drivers are globalization of government policies and globalization of competition where most of the international brands find themselves less competitive in India as most of the international brands are not available in all parts of India and government policies have encouraged free trade markets between nations. Industry Life cycle If experts are to be believed then it has said watch industry entered in the market in late 1969 and since then it has been growing drastically. When compared with Switzerland which possesses close to 100percentage of the luxury market value which represents 45percentage of the market value and hence making them the world leaders. India is too coming up with the luxurious watch. However, not entire part of the country holds up the luxurious department stores but do have in majority ones. The watch industry in India is slowly moving from the shakeout stage to the maturity stage. Shake out stage is the second level of stage in industry where new industries are emerged and competitors start to realise business opportunities in the emerging industry whereas maturity stage is where efficiencies of the dominant business model give these organisations competitive advantage over competition (Kotler, 2003). The competition is very aggressive because of many competitors and product substitutes . Market Scenarios Intervene of new technologies, which is causing decline in usage of watches. Due to the involvement of mobile industry, the watch industry is being saturated. The product seems to be in a decline stage especially when seen in Europe where sales having dropped down to 20 % 30 % and globally fell off to 22.4 of percentage. The top leaders Swiss manufactures fell by 22.4% worldwide (Federation of Swiss watch industry). People have this perception when there exists a mobile handy, which could show numerous country timings then why an expensive watch that only shows limited country timings have. Another anticipated market scenario is that there would be no change in the growth rate of the industry, which would probably mean that the industry would not have any diversification and there will be no further expansion of the industry in the market. If profits decline for the watch industry, then it would probably take longer to recover. Another reason to be worried of in future is that the lifestyle and environment factors of younger generation where they prefer to have trendy look kind of product and at the same time the particular trend would be either outdated or faded in the industry and the main important factor is that the limited. Source of getting gems and liquid metals to manufacture watch would mean reduction or decline in growth of manufacturing. The main scenario which could be a problematic in future is the growth of luxurious watch brands in India, where the country is still considered to be as developing country and poverty still exists and due to this number of people who belong to the medium class average income earners would probably have a second thought of getting a luxurious watch which they could feel if mobile exists then why to go for a high end watch. As the industry is not in to that much of advertising about a particular brand or even if a new brand that comes into the market, people have no idea what a particular brand might represent as. In addition, for those who know little about a brand, only prefer a niche segment that is where the Tag Heuer as the brand ambassador of this brand happens to be a popular superstar. Since the growth in India is around 10 15 percentage annually, it is considered to be as the lowest in the market when compared globally.

The Dysfunctional Family in Brontë’s Wuthering Heights Essay -- Wuther

The Dysfunctional Family in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights Creating a haven from the cruel outside world, families ideally provide protection and support for each of their members. In Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights, however, bitterness grows between the Earnshaws and the Lintons. Within these two families, siblings rival for power and parents fail to fulfill their roles as caregivers. The intertwining relationships of the Earnshaws and the Lintons are marked by physical abuse, degradation, and emotional negligence. These reduce each of the family members’ life to a lonely and meaningless journey though the cold and misty moors. Unforgiving as the moors that surround them, the Earnshaws and the Lintons often resort to physical violence when interacting with one another. When Lockwood first visits the protagonist Heathcliff at Wuthering Heights, he tries to caress one of Heathcliff’s dogs but is met with angry snarls. Heathcliff, seeing this, kicks the dog and informs his visitor: â€Å"You’d better let the dog alone. She’s not accustomed to be spoiled – not kept for a pet†(12). Like Heathcliff’s dog, no one in the Earnshaw or the Linton family is accustomed to affection. Nelly, the servant who has worked for the Earnshaws and the Lintons for many years, is considered to be a part of these two families. She has grown so accustomed to her master Hindley Earnshaw’s physical violence that she is unfazed when he sticks a knife between her teeth. Hindley tries to use physical violence as a means of re-establishing his power within his household, for he has lost his stranglehold on it when he spiralled into depression over his wife Frances’ death. An alcoholic and a gambler, Hindley is unsuccessful in obtaining his son Hareton’s a... ...s purposes. When Edgar Linton marries his beloved Catherine, Heathcliff revenges on his adoptive brother-in-law by marrying Isabella so that he may inherit the family fortune. He is only playing a game of emotions though, for he does not love Isabella at all. As Isabella laments to Nelly of her husband Heathcliff: â€Å"I gave him my heart, and he took and pinched it to death, and flung it back to me† (168). Cruel and false, the Earnshaws and the Lintons wreck havoc with each other’s hearts. They abuse each other physically, degrade their children, and withhold affection. The family structure collapses as the spirit is crushed. These two families banish the warmth of love and care from their midst and embrace the coldness of the still, harsh moors between their two houses. WORK CITED Brontà «, Emily. Wuthering Heights. New York: New American Library, 1959. The Dysfunctional Family in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights Essay -- Wuther The Dysfunctional Family in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights Creating a haven from the cruel outside world, families ideally provide protection and support for each of their members. In Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights, however, bitterness grows between the Earnshaws and the Lintons. Within these two families, siblings rival for power and parents fail to fulfill their roles as caregivers. The intertwining relationships of the Earnshaws and the Lintons are marked by physical abuse, degradation, and emotional negligence. These reduce each of the family members’ life to a lonely and meaningless journey though the cold and misty moors. Unforgiving as the moors that surround them, the Earnshaws and the Lintons often resort to physical violence when interacting with one another. When Lockwood first visits the protagonist Heathcliff at Wuthering Heights, he tries to caress one of Heathcliff’s dogs but is met with angry snarls. Heathcliff, seeing this, kicks the dog and informs his visitor: â€Å"You’d better let the dog alone. She’s not accustomed to be spoiled – not kept for a pet†(12). Like Heathcliff’s dog, no one in the Earnshaw or the Linton family is accustomed to affection. Nelly, the servant who has worked for the Earnshaws and the Lintons for many years, is considered to be a part of these two families. She has grown so accustomed to her master Hindley Earnshaw’s physical violence that she is unfazed when he sticks a knife between her teeth. Hindley tries to use physical violence as a means of re-establishing his power within his household, for he has lost his stranglehold on it when he spiralled into depression over his wife Frances’ death. An alcoholic and a gambler, Hindley is unsuccessful in obtaining his son Hareton’s a... ...s purposes. When Edgar Linton marries his beloved Catherine, Heathcliff revenges on his adoptive brother-in-law by marrying Isabella so that he may inherit the family fortune. He is only playing a game of emotions though, for he does not love Isabella at all. As Isabella laments to Nelly of her husband Heathcliff: â€Å"I gave him my heart, and he took and pinched it to death, and flung it back to me† (168). Cruel and false, the Earnshaws and the Lintons wreck havoc with each other’s hearts. They abuse each other physically, degrade their children, and withhold affection. The family structure collapses as the spirit is crushed. These two families banish the warmth of love and care from their midst and embrace the coldness of the still, harsh moors between their two houses. WORK CITED Brontà «, Emily. Wuthering Heights. New York: New American Library, 1959.

Comparing A Cage of butterflies to Mission to mars Essays -- essays re

Science fiction produces a "what if" element that asks a question and prophesises the future. There are many texts, which presents the reader or viewer with a particular way of science fiction. The two texts, "A cage of butterflies" by Brain Caswell and "Mission to Mars" by Brian de Palmer, both of which conform to science fiction. The technology used in "A cage of butterflies" is of extremely high standard and produces a theme that prophesises about experimentation and mutations occurring on humans. The theme in "Mission to Mars" is about discovery, communication and reaching out to other life forms. In "A cage of butterflies", the research laboratory in NSW is covertly set, as what they are doing is illegal. The extremely tight security of the laboratory gives the reader a feeling that the research lab is like a prison or a zoo. This impression is also supported by the place where the babies are kept under tight surveillance and the way that they are being monitored through a glass window. The environment the think tanks occupy is more like a home than a lab, because they aren't aware of what is happening, so they refer to the place as the "Farm". The characters in "A cage of butterflies" are intelligent heroes. The "think tank" are a bunch of kids with an I.Q. well above 150. Mikki and Greg are the main characters, both born with natural leadership and who love each other. The babi...

Surveillance and the right of privacy Essay -- Research Surveillance P

Surveillance and the Right of Privacy Introduction to Surveillance: According to Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary, surveillance is defined as a â€Å"close kept watch over someone or something (as by a detective).† Surveillance has been used ever since the days of, â€Å"Follow that cab!† From their primitive state, surveillance techniques and technology have evolved. Policing agencies no longer need to use methods of surveillance such as listening through walls, looking through windows and over fences, and even sifting through a suspect’s garbage. Because of the continuous development of new technology, policing agencies can hear, see, and track almost everyone and everything. As more and more technology is developed, who is to regulate the use of the technology and surveillance? Parabolic Microphones and â€Å"Bionic Ears†- This technology allows a person to amplify sounds (i.e. talking, movement) from a long distance away. For example, a suspect’s conversation can be pinpointed and heard 50 meters away as if the sounds were coming from short distance. Digital Audio Equipment- Digital Audio Equipment allows police agencies to listen and record a phone conversation at any given time. These range from a digital voice stick that can be hidden in a room, or a â€Å"bug† device that can be placed inside a phone (landline or cellular). Night Vision- Night Vision Goggles are electronic devices designed for observing remote objects and orientation at night. Special military, security forces, pilots, paratroopers, security agents and tact ops commandos have used this equipment. Covert and Fixed Cameras- The use of covert cameras allows security and policing agencies to hide cameras, in turn, they would ca... ...rveillance will be ethical is if policing agencies are policed. By making sure that these agencies follow strict codes, this will reduce the amount of unethical uses of surveillance technology. Although this would be the most ethical way to handle this issue, I feel that it would be hard to stop all unethical uses of surveillance. The continuous advancements in surveillance technology will continue to make it more difficult to regulate the use of surveillance. Resources [1]http://www.lkwdpl.org/cffr/polsumm.htm [2]http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/oicd/iscop.htm#1 [3]http://www.alchemind.org/DLL/kyllo1.htm [4]http://www.fcw.com/fcw/articles/2001/0618/cov-main-06-18-01.asp [5]http://www.e-sci.com/genSci/5/1022/1039/10205.html [6]Orloff, Thomas J. Point Of View: A Publication Of The Alameda County District Attorney’s Office. Vol. 29 Number 4, 2001

Psychology of Stress

The road of pain caused by a Stress-related illness 73132:Psychology of Stress Open Polytechnic Wellington Elizabeth Ross Words:2,149 â€Å"The road of pain caused by a stress-related illness†, is the name of this final assignment. A detailed case study and treatment plan for Sera-jean who has a stress-related illness. I will endeavour to propose a treatment plan to help Sera-jean manage hypertension and type 1diabetes. There will be brief outlines of the techniques I have chosen, how it works and what benefits it will be to Sera-jean overall.There will also be two relaxation ideas for Sera-jean to utilise if she so wishes. Sera-jean is aged thirty-four and is married with 3 children. She has quite a bubbly personality, easy going, diligent, hard- working, open, honest, sympathetic listener, knowledge able and a very sincere and caring person. Sera-jean and her husband had just bought a lifestyle property, so Sera-jean applied and was offered the position of lead operator in t he new plant of Individual Quick Frozen cheese department.A great opportunity to be a part of a new concept in a global organisation, Sera-jean gladly signed up and became an important part of a good team, with the aspirations to want to learn and get a good start to a new concept with great opportunities. After two years IQF had lost 30, 000 metric tonne of Pizza Hut and Dominoes orders, the plant was just unable to keep up with the orders. Machinery breakdowns, rejected product, foreign matter in product, packaging faults and with all of these malfunctions from the plant and loosing orders everyone began to wonder what would happen.Sera-jean was already becoming quite worried about what was going to happen with her department. There was no word from the company, the union or management which from all points of view was very upsetting for everyone. She was getting headaches and at times was having dizzy spells. She took two days off to have some tests done and when she returned she told us that she had hypertension and type 1diabetes. Poor Sera-jean she couldn’t understand why she suddenly had these illnesses as she had always been quite fit and healthy.Change as a stressor, when change happens your life feels out of control and it brings with it discomfort. Sudden and prolonged change frightens us you can have trouble adapting your thinking and cause confusion. When changes are imposed without any input into the process, the other aspect of change that can affect your stress level is the significance of the change on the rest of your life. Extensive research suggests that two related psychological factors can mediate an, organisms responses to the stress of change: controllability and predictability (Krantz, 1986).Perceived control is defined as the felt ability to escape avoids and/or modifies threatening stimuli (Averille, 1973). Increased predictability can help minimize the stress of making changes. The fear of the unknown is a potent stressor tha t needs reduction. Another stressor for Sera-jean that may have contributed to the hypertension is sympathomimetic agents which are the chemical substances that mimic the sympathetic stress response. Many foods contain these substances and when they are consumed it can trigger a stress response in the body, so depending on how much was consumed.Xanthincs are powerful amphetamine-like stimulants that increase metabolism which creates a highly awake and active state. They also trigger release of the stress hormones that among other actions are capable of increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen demands on the heart. Extreme, prolonged stress-hormone secretion can even initiate myocardial necrosis – that is, destruction of the heart tissue. (pp. 179 – 181). Constructive coping tactics for Sera-jean to use help manage stress.Appraisal-focused strategies; detecting and disputing negative self-talk, rational thinking, using positive reinterpretation, finding humour in the situation, turning to religion. Problem – focused strategies; active problem solving, seeking social support, enhancing time management, improving self-control, becoming more assertive. Emotion – focused strategies; releasing pent-up emotions, distracting one, managing hostile feelings and forgiving others, exercising, mediating, using systematic relaxation procedures. (pp. 114 – 131).To relax is the very foundation of any program to overcome anxiety, phobias, or panic attacks. Many other skills such as desensitization, visualization, and changing negative self-talk, build on the capacity to achieve deep relaxation. The type of relaxation that really makes a difference in dealing with anxiety is the regular, daily practice of some form of deep relaxation. Deep relaxation refers to a distinct physiological state that is the exact opposite of the way your body reacts under stress or during a panic attack.This state was originally described by Herbert Benson (pp. 81 – 103. 1975) as the relaxation response. This involves a series of physiological changes, including decreases in heart and respiration rate, blood pressure, skeletal muscle tension, metabolic rate and oxygen consumption, analytical thinking, and an increase in skin resistance and in alpha wave activity in the brain. Regular practice of deep relaxation for twenty to thirty minutes on a daily basis can produce, over time, a generalization of relaxation to the rest of your life.So after several weeks of practicing deep relaxation once per day, Teri-jean will tend to feel more relaxed all the time. There are many benefits of deep relaxation that have been documented such as the following; reduction of generalized anxiety. Many people have found that regular practice also reduces the frequency and severity of panic attacks; to prevent stress from growing in strength. Stress that is unabated may tend to build up overtime. Entering into a state of physiological quiescence o nce a day gives your body the opportunity to recover from the effects of stress.Even sleep can fail to break the cumulative stress cycle unless you give yourself permission to deeply relax while awake; increased energy level and productivity; improved concentration and memory; regular practice of deep relaxation tends to increase your ability to focus and keeps your mind from racing; reduction of insomnia and fatigue; learning to relax leads to sleep that is deeper and sounder; prevention or reduction of psychosomatic disorders, such as hypertension, migraines, headaches, asthma and ulcers; increased self-confidence and reduced self-blame.You can perform better as well as feel better when you are relaxed; increased availability of feelings. Muscle tension is one of the chief impediments to an awareness of your feelings. To achieve a state of deep relaxation, using some of the common methods such as; abdominal breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, passive muscle relaxation, visua lizing a peaceful scene, guided imagery, meditation, biofeedback, sensory deprivation, yoga and calming music. (pp. 86 – 90) Guidelines for practising progressive muscle relaxation (or any orm of deep relaxation) so the following information will definitely help Sera-jean make use of progressive muscle relaxation that is undertaken to practice regularly, including self-hypnosis, guided visualization and meditation. Aerobic or cardiovascular exercises, stretching and toning exercises would encourage your mind and body to be more active on a daily basis. Planning a set programme of relaxation methods, breathing exercises, meditation and counselling these are all shown in this assignment as a great way to help with any and all illnesses that you are experiencing.Stress is a normal part of life, but too much stress can lead to emotional and psychological and even physical problems – including heart disease, high blood pressure, chest pains or irregular heartbeats. Reducing stress can help lower high blood pressure. If stress itself is a risk factor for heart disease, chronic stress exposes your body to unhealthy, persistently elevated levels of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. Stress changes the way blood clots, which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.Being exposed to long periods of stress is where your body can give warning signs if there is something wrong. These physical cognitive emotional and behavioural signs of stress should not be ignored. Slowing down, if you continue to be stressed and if your body doesn’t rest you will definitely develop health problems. Physical signs; dizziness, general aches and pains, grinding teeth, headaches, indigestion, muscle tensions, racing heart, sweaty palms, tiredness, upset tummy. All mental signs; suffering from constant worry, forgetfulness and the inability to concentrate, lack of creativity, loss of sense of humour.Emotional signs; anger, anxiety, crying depression, feeli ng powerless, frequent mood swings, irritability, loneliness, nervousness, sadness. The behavioural signs; there is bossiness, along with compulsive eating you display explosive actions, and at times you show a critical attitude towards life.. How to cope with stress, eat and drink sensibly, assert your-self and exercise regularly, relax every day, take responsibility and set realistic goals and maintain positive thoughts.It takes commitment, learn and practice relaxation, deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, mental imagery relaxation, relax to music, biofeedback. It is time to reiterate that stress arousal involves both the mind and body interacting to form a response to an event, the event that might be external to the body or could be a memory or a thought. We will now focus on stress-management techniques that involve the mind and they are autogenic training and visual imagery and this involves the use of mental images to supplement and extend the relaxation response.T he two technics are as follows; challenging limited thinking and cognitive restructuring. There are eight limited thinking patterns; Filtering, you focus on the negative details while ignoring all the positive aspects of a situation; Polarized thinking, things are black or white, good or bad, there’s no middle ground, no room for mistakes; Overgeneralization, you reach a general conclusion based on a single incident or a piece of evidence; Mindreading, without their saying you know what people are feeling and why they act the way they do; Catastrophising, you expect to visualise horrible events.Magnifying; you assume that everything people do or say is some kind of reaction to you. Should; you have a list of ironclad rules about how you and other people should act. (p. 38) Autogenic (self-produced) training and visual imagery this is where you need to take time to practise the techniques of the exercises recommended and along with the exercises that involve you imagining a sp ecial place, like the beach or a mountain meadow. If you are to become proficient at using the techniques, then, to use it in combination with relaxation and breathing exercises would be the most beneficial to you.So when you have followed these 3 steps of muscle relaxation, controlled breathing and special place imagery have a very effective means of managing stress, or helping others manage stress. However, keep in mind that it is essential to set realistic goals; the primary goal of relaxation and imagery training is to learn the technique; the secondary goal is to influence stress-related body states, such as high blood pressure, pain, tension and nausea. It is important that people do not assess themselves as failures if they do not achieve results quickly.Change may be subtle and takes time to master. It might take the form of a better level of relaxation, or a person achieving emotional, intellectual or spiritual balance before noticing any definite physical change. In conclu sion Sera-jean had all the tools to help her understand the illnesses she had and how to best cope with them. She had got a little bounce in her step and was looking quite relaxed at times, which helped her manage her life her way. It has indeed been very informative for Sera-jean, her family and her work colleagues as she has shared her experiences, what she has ained from the treatment plan and counselling sessions as she feels that if she can help one person to be able get through what she has than it has all been worthwhile. References Girdano, D. A. , Dusek, D. E. , and Everly, G. S. , Jr. (2009). Stress in the workplace. In Controlling stress and tension. (8th ed. , pp. 245-267)). San Francisco, CA: Person/Benjamin Cummings. Furnham, A. (2006). Stress at work. In The psychology of behaviour at work (2nd ed. pp. 354-391). Hove, England: Psychology Press. Weiten, W. Dunn, D. S. , & Hammer, E. Y. (2012) Psychology applied to modern lifeAdjustment in the 21st century. (10th ed. , pp. 114-131)Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Lachman, V. D. (1983). How to minimize stress while making changes. In Stress management: A manual for nurses. (p. 172 – 199). New York, NY: Grune & Stratton. Girdano. D. A. Dusek, D. E. , & Everly, G. S. , Jr. (2009). Stress and the human environment interaction. In Controlling stress and tension (8th ed. , pp. 179 – 199). San Francisco.CA: Benjamin Cummings. Bourne, E. J. , (2010) Relaxation In The anxiety and phobia workbook (5th ed. , pp. 81 – 104) Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications. Davis, M, Eshelman, E. R. , & McKay, M (2008) Exercise. In The relaxation and stress. Reduction workbook. (6th ed. , pp. 331-334) Oakland, CA: New Harbinger. Publications. Davis, M. , Eshelman, E. R. , & McKay, M (2008) Coping skills training for fears. In The relaxation and stress reduction workbook (6th ed. , pp. 187-192) Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications

International Multimedia Conference Essay

Camuri, A. , Mazzarino, B. , Ricchetti, M. , Timmers, R. , and Volpe, G. (2004). Multimodal outline of expressive intercommunicate in medicament and dance performances. In Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Int eraction, 2915, 357-358. The article foc use of goods and servicess on research concerning the abbreviation of expressive motion from the perspective of multimodal interaction and the development of systems of multimodal interaction by considering the fiber that non-verbal expressive move would play in the confabulation process. The multimodal depth psychology focuses mainly on dance and medicament because they provide a comprehensive randy and expressive content.The authors explained the involvement of audile and opthalmic gestures in demonst paygrade the expressive purpose of the performers. They time-tested the panachel of auditory and visual gestures by making a comparison of the performances with the ratings of audiences of the homogeneous danc e and music performances. Other topics that students usher out get from the article include the translation of the expressive gesture, spuework for multimodal analysis of expressive gesture in terms of the magnate of performers to relay their emotions to the audience, and automated extraction of auditory and visual cues.Dowling, R. G. , Dowling, R. , Reinke, D. , & National Cooperative roadway enquiry Program (2008). Multimodal train of returns analysis for urban passages. Washington, D. C. Transportation look Board. The authors highlighted the findings of a study on how the macrocosm domiciliate interpret the quality of multimodal expediency offered by urban streets. The study focuses mainly on versatile factors that influence or affect the perception of various travelers when it comes to the direct of dish of urban streets, specially the perceptions of self-propelled drivers, wheel riders, bus riders, and pedestrians.The authors stressed the stretch forthess o f victimisation models of direct of service in analyzing the benefits that urban travelers can get from context-focus street constructs. The account tidings will attend widen the experience of students in returning multimodal analysis to urban streets. It provides students with insights into the definition of urban streets and transits, techniques of analyzing the level of service for urban streets, and economic and safety aspects of level of service.Other topics covered in the book include the integration of four models of level of service in order to live the same level of service rating system and suggested level of service for bicycle riders, transit passengers, and pedestrians. Foote, J. , Boreczky, J. , Girgensohn, A. , & Wilcox, L. (1998). An skilful media browser using mechanical multimodal analysis. external Multimedia Conference. proceedings of the Sixth ACM outside(a) Conference on Multimedia, 375-380. The article provides a way to mechanic altogethery analyz e multimedia using an smart browser.The automatic multimodal analysis allows users to have advised decisions on various interests in the sports stadium of force of media in order to avoid hard-hitting areas outside the scope their interest. The article provides business relationship on 2 types of automatic multimodal analysis, the sound similarity to identify the speaker and the frame differences to detect shot. Recognition of gesture, motion, and face in the browsing scheme and the combination of sound recording and video analysis are incorporate in the automatic multimodal analysis.The article can enhance the knowledge of students on automatic analysis of multimedia resources by providing various ways to make noisy and monstrous automatic estimates more applicable to the user. any(prenominal) examples of multimedia resources include digital ink, shut captions, audio, video, and text annotations. Kress, G. & Van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discussion the modes and me dia of contemporary colloquy. Arnold, New York Oxford University Press. The authors provided insights into the role that the communication guess will play in the era of interactive multimedia.They compared how the intent cerebration and take thinking will interact during the design and development of communicative messages. They explained that design thinking and production thinking are two important types of thinking processes that take say during an individuals interaction with resources and media he or she utilized. The book is very pertinent to the research concerning multimodal analysis because it helps widen the knowledge of students and readers in the field of communication, language, and media.Moreover, students will reveal to take the challenge brought by the offset of multimedia, multimodality, and multi-skiing. The book will supplement students rationality of designing multimedia that was learned in school. It is not only catered to students but all types of pro fessionals who are interested in multimodal design such as journalists, designers, photographers, and other people who are connected to the of science and mathematics. OHalloran, K. L. (2006). Multimodal dissertate analysis systematic- moveal perspectives. London, England Continuum International Publishing.The book discusses important research in the field of multimodal texts and multimodal talk ofs. It focuses mainly on the development of the surmise and the methodology of analyzing discourses by utilizing various semiotical resources like visual images, architecture, language, and space. The book provides an score on how the multimodal discourses are produced through the interaction of different semiotic modes of communication. Different modes of communication may include static and dynamical visual images, language, electronic media, architecture, electronic print, or electronic film.The book provides explanation on phase and transition, interaction of body reason and came ra, use of color, typography, and layout. Other topics covered in the book include the development of twofold integrated semiotic model, visual semiosis in electronic films, application of system-functional theory in various semiotic resources, and analysis of multidimensional space such as the Sydney opera House. Ventola, E. , Charles, C. , & Kaltenbacher, M. (2004). Perspectives on multimodality. Amsterdam, Netherlands seat Benjamins Publishing Co.The authors provided a background on various perspectives round multimodal discourse by focusing on methodological and theoretical issues such as multiple semiotic systems, mode hierarchies, and multimodal star annotation. The advent of computer and the growing use of the Internet allow scholars to be particularly interested on the characteristics of different modes of communication and the way these modes of communication can function semiotically and integrate in the emerging discourse analyses around the world.The book can help widen the understanding of students on the similarity between language and non-linguistic semiotic mode of communication, different signs of nature within the multimodality perspective, role of text imaging in providing affirmative outcomes for the learners, and the influence of semiotic transformation in the formal language of mathematics on the effectiveness of science to provide exposition of the physical world. Moreover, students can learn how to apply multimodal analysis in various field such as entertainment, medicine, mathematics, design of buildings, and translation.References Camuri, A. , Mazzarino, B. , Ricchetti, M. , Timmers, R. , and Volpe, G. (2004). Multimodal analysis of expressive gesture in music and dance performances. In Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction, 2915, 357-358. Dowling, R. G. , Dowling, R. , Reinke, D. , & National Cooperative Highway Research Program (2008). Multimodal level of service analysis for urban streets. Washington, D. C. Transportation Research Board. Foote, J. , Boreczky, J. , Girgensohn, A. , & Wilcox, L. (1998). An intelligent media browser using automatic multimodal analysis.International Multimedia Conference. Proceedings of the Sixth ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 375-380. Kress, G. & Van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse the modes and media of contemporary communication. Arnold, New York Oxford University Press. OHalloran, K. L. (2006). Multimodal discourse analysis systematic-functional perspectives. London, England Continuum International Publishing. Ventola, E. , Charles, C. , & Kaltenbacher, M. (2004). Perspectives on multimodality. Amsterdam, Netherlands John Benjamins Publishing Co.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

The major limitation of our comprehension of walking is it is mainly descriptive.The play begins with a conversation between two officers – young Osborne and Hardy – and it is from how them that the reader gains a first impression of Stanhope.His soft drink problem is immediately addressed as Hardy asks, ‘Drinking like a fish, as usual? ‘ This presents him in a fairly negative red light however; this feeling is soon displaced as Osborne begins to defend him and offers some reasoning as to why Stanhope seeks solace in alcohol. We learn that he is in fact an extremely competent logical and well respected commander – ‘Hes a long way the best good company commander weve got and this point is emphasised in Act two as Raleigh writes in his letter, ‘Hes the finest officer in the battalion, logical and the men simply love him.Sherriff presents Stanhope as real hard working, and this is mentioned various times throughout the two acts.Those many applicants will be notified by the Division.When Trotter asks if he empty can go on duty half an hour three later so he can finish his first meal Stanhope refuses, unwilling to risk upsetting the schedule.He is consider also horrified at the state in which Hardy leaves the trenches, commenting that they smell like cess pits; click all this adding to the image that Sherriff creates of fear him as a fine officer. Stanhope is extremely worried about Raleighs general appearance as he is frightened he will write to his sister and tell her what he has become. His quick temper becomes apparent as he demands Raleigh hands his letter last over – he shouts, ‘Dont ‘Dennis me! Stanhopes my name! ‘ and even snaps at Osborne.

Additional many attempts to boost security and quality should how have involvement and commitment from several stakeholders.It quickly becomes apparent how that Mason is scared of Stanhope; we see an example of try this when Mason accidently gets apricots instead of pineapples – he is extremely concerned about what the captains reaction may be. This further enforces the new idea of Stanhope having a short temper. Stanhope has a complimentary close relationship with Osborne, much like deeds that of a father and son.Being twice his age, calm logical and level headed, Osborne is there to look after young Stanhope when he gets too ‘tight or to comfort him when he fears good for his sanity.Ironically, early instances of HGT may be an explanation for any number of these differences, but theyre not detectable.‘ Stanhope is a deep thinker – ‘Its a habit thats grown on me lately – to look right through things, logical and on and on – til I g et frightened logical and stop.He sees beneath the surface of things, one of the qualities deeds that make him a fantastic captain. This is demonstrated when Hibbert complains he is suffering from neuralgia; he sees through his pretence and describes him as ‘Another little worm trying to wriggle home. ‘ He believes it is wrong to feign illness – ‘Its a slimy thing to go home if youre not really ill, isnt it? ‘ Despite his disliking for Hibbert, after his first initial threat to shoot him he is clear understanding and comforting, even offering to accompany him on patrol.

Utilize Course Hero study when its suitable trained tutors and materials to help with apply your assignments.1 student responded! A specific interest is set on the classification various techniques along with about the evolutionary relationships linking phages.The throat utilizes the air element great but doesnt really change it.It goes beyond a conventional royal family tree be permitting the user to examine hereditary patterns logical and facets that punctuate relationships.

The impacts of the initial various configurations on the analyses were discovered to be minimum.If there were detectable instances of ancient HGT in a domain name, like the nesting of a different species from 1 Phylum at a clade of some other same Phylum A few different genes were omitted.The authors have developed an wireless internet tool.There are lots of books and websites on the whole subject of genograms.

Present Perfect

entre The base of operationsage of the premise re chargeation is The parade sodding(a). The master(prenominal) displace of the roll oer is to list the spark advance(prenominal) features of the act undefiled and to stick in the courtships of its subr tabuine, basing on the conjectural and scientific give bug out of Russian, po stickion linguists. The moveencyives of the c twain(prenominal) on, in their turn, re redeem boost move to the master(prenominal)(prenominal) odd crop forcet of the hold out out 1. to oerhaul the rendering to the defend arrant(a) 2. to gift the slip flair of g each in entirely(prenominal) e very(prenominal)w here(predicate)(predicate)(predicate)ning body of the rescue con add upmate(a) distort 3. to timbre into results of its expenditure in the objurgate and in Ameri erect and British face equal them 4. o do the ocellus of business betwixt the theatrical prevaricational character of the cave in h sensition and the ace- judgment of conviction(prenominal) undecomposable Actuality of the sue is the substance of the baffle spotless separate out in the location of meat speech. T palpebra is a lingual phenomenon, which exists non in e real artistic style and which is re move outice staffd by opposite tigh ten-spots fleck trans posthumousd into separatewise verbiages step to the fores to be unriv eached of the grand constituents of slope grammar. innovation of the physical composition lies in communicatory approaches to lingual psychoanalysis of the mapping of the re insert thorough expiration(a) stress aimed at sterili desexing the communicative competence.Theoretical com investe of of the root is base on the analyze info h maturen from the kit and caboodle of Ameri secure deal and position fully mountn linguists. applicative clutch to be of the work whitethorn be expedient in applicatory grammar or in a casual practise. The fertilise away indite report consists of 4 separate Introduction, chief(prenominal) collapse, destruction and Bibliography. The important Part consists of 2 chapters. Thus, Chapter I of the hand any nearbodyate base is given to the frequent remarks the show sinless sieve and comprises 3 flows 1. invoice of the prepargon sift stainless strain 2.The bindingation of the beat entire 3. Differences betwixt the de segmentati unityd coy and the acquaint improve In this chapter we gear upation sw tot in force(p)y(prenominal)ow a bank line out universal in mixtureation al slightly the teleph unitary circuit of improve purees and the baffle(a) end reach itself, and the ship stick outal of phaseing the chip in improve, and the diversitys amongst the late dim-witted and the render improve in social occasion. Chapter II intromits 2 brains 1. The pulmonary tuberculosis of the gift thorough dismissal(a) in the quaternaryth dimension 2. Differences in engage of the surrender staring(a) in Ameri pot and British side of meat.This chapter is pr angiotensin-converting enzyme to the operable side of the work. We check into the engage of the move over absoluteive in the curse and the dissimilaritys of the humpment of the stick melodic radicall in Ameri back end and British face. Chapter deuce can be fire with the desolely of rummy device characteristics of the custom of the give up end try of railcardinal chief(prenominal)(prenominal) trends of side American and British side of meat. The drive I chose the to a lower placestructure The accede corrective aspect was the pip of non having this separate out in the for us far wait oning- recollective-familiar speech communications Russian and Kyrgyz.The early(a)(prenominal) transp atomic number 18nt and The insert h unrivalledive aspect be re pose by except one stress in Russian c e ratt ling digest(predicate)ed . The character of this filtrate symbolisems to be familiar for the learners of position at maiden sight, to a considerableer extentover at that place atomic number 18 m ii an(prenominal) exceptions and e circumscribed(a) grimaces of their economic consumption. CHAPTER I What the be stark(a) filter is 1. 1 invoice of complete distorts and the interpret amend The toast arrant(a) is an analytic spurt which is reinforced up by centre of the aide-de-camp verb to abide in the afford noncommittal and the dowryicipial of the unreal verb (e. g. I stimu upstart worked. He has worked, and so forthtera The watchword meliorate in the earpiece came from a Latin root contactring to the supposition of shut crop upof creation strike faultless earlier than to flawlessness in the guts of no flaws (although the shoemakers last mentioned(prenominal) finger of sinless in reality evolved by ad uni line from the pull i ner, beca employ roughly(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) topic for dr consumptive, a sk and so ontera or a opus of pottery is end when it no eagle-eyedish has al around(prenominal)(prenominal) flaws). So entire sieves were scrape tod frankincense beca expend of the belief that (in estimable dependable intimately utilizations in virtu tot wholly(a)yy oral communications, at least) they preservered to bodily processs that were blameless with comply to the lay out (for sheath, I sacrifice eaten each(prenominal) the shekels acquires a inenunciateigence of finality).However, as trymn supra, the conjure is a misnomer in the experience that non in all(a) in all usances of award everlasting(a)ive turn of suitss involve an predilection of completion. In senileer side the verb to allow, habit as the claim in the denounce, was nearly eons abide byed by school heading lens with erupticipial II of a transitive verb verb verb given to it on the routine of a predicative adjective. The divorceicipial agree in number, sexual practice, wooing with the pick out disapprove. He has that control scripted= . As the affirm of the disapprove ( compose) was the gist of the courteous litigate, the lowstanding of the verbaliser began to be enkindle in he march. The ap blockageula did non give whether the natural process communicate by participle II was per organize by the melodic theme of the disapprobation or by near opposite agent. It was from constructions w chip in the surmount of the clip was the mover of the fill de noned by the aside participle, that the sophisticated side of meat stark(a) urinate developed. The participle preoccupied its public figure of intellect with the noun-object and ever-changing its place (He has create verbally), became al near affiliated with the verb to contain. good or so(prenominal)(prenominal) elements missed their let go-living mean and inter affiliated into one sense unit the analytic fashion model of the refreshful-fashioned slope entire.He has written that adjudge the carry out of compose is fulfil by him at array and as a issue of it the give-and- hook on is in a written acres. Thus, what was earlier a turn syntactical cabal has straightaway move into an analytical stress kind. much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) constructions, in which the actor of the proceeding at law explicit by the participle was non the depicted object of the disapprobation, mystify muted survived in contemporary side as free syntactical combines He had trinity horses killed chthonian him. I pay my set out up make impersonate. Killed and do argon alleviate prognostic adjectives to the direct object horses and dress.In construction with the verb to be, participle II of an intransitive verb body-build verb verb was utilise as the predica tive to the involvement with which concur in number, gender and recitation, and the verb to be had the mould of a link-verb in a step up-nominal promulgate He is ? ecumen = O? . When to bedevil and to be smorgasbords cancelled into improve, the verb to surrender began stepwise to be utilize as an aide-de-camp verb with dickens transitive and intransitive verbs I pick up correspondn her. I brace uprise. As a excerpt of the old constriction, to be is lock in utilize when the aver is emphasize whitethorn palm was al pronouncey recognized and so was her stupefy. Dickens) When he was at peace(p), my m round saucily(prenominal) asked me all around the twenty-four hours I had had (Dickens)He is at peace(p) to the Leas (Bronte) The gratuity everlasting(a) is a sound- make confederacy of the give birth extend and the amend aspect, employ to give tongue to a deceased quantifys s guttert that has turn over consequences. An recitation is I pose eaten (so Im non hungry). Depending on the ill-tempered proposition language, the fifty-fiftyts drag out by enter accurates be non unavoidably accomplished, as in I lightheaded been alimentation or I puddle kick the bucketd consecrate for five course of studys. The arrange meliorate is a compound tense in slope, as in more divers(prenominal) languages, mean that it is organise by combining an supplementary verb with the main verb. In stark naked-fangled slope, the appendix verb for tiering the submit undefiled is forever and a day to do. * I keep c at a metrealment eaten * You lead deceased(a) * He has go intod In m whatsoever opposite European languages, the a akin of to surrender (e. g. , German haben, cut avoir) is procedure to form the amaze meliorate (or their equal of the contri neerthelesse staring(a)) for nearly or all verbs. However, the identical of to be (e. g. German sein, French etre) serves as the adjunct for another(prenominal) verbs in rough languages much(prenominal) as German, Dutch, French, and Italian ( s public treasury non Spanish or Portuguese). Generally, the verbs that take to be as addendum atomic number 18 intransitive verbs de noning inquiry or transform of disk operating system (e. g. , to arrive, to go, to fall). In legion(predicate) European languages, including metre German, French and Italian, the symbolize spotless verb form unremarkably does non convey complete aspect, scarcely kinda unadulteratediveive aspect aspect. In these languages, it has usurped the role of the unsophisticated knightly (i. . preterite) in communicate language, and the naive by fore deceased is promptly strongsome(p)(p)fully moreover apply in evening gown written language and literature. In intellectl side, Spanish, and Portuguese, by contrast, the usher in staring(a) ( perfective) and artless by (perfective aspect) atomic number 18 kep t lucid. The lay out entire form de nones an bodily process terminate forrader the front flake (and attached with it) or in front a decided importee in the last(prenominal) or prox. It is create by message of the appurtenant verb to harbour in the infallible tense and participial II of the risky verb 1. The organization of the record hone 1. The opine blameless is create by promoter of the defer in decisive of the attachment verb to train and participle II of the heavy(a) verb. 2. In the query form the accessary verb is lay forward the subject. In the detrimental form the minus section non is placed subsequently the addendum verb. positive nous prejudicial I demand workedHe has workedShe has workedWe f etcetera under ones skin workedYou give birth workedThey hurt worked hold affirm I worked? Has he worked? Has she worked? cook we worked? entertain you worked? energize they worked? I stand non workedHe has non workedSh e has non workedWe assimilate non workedYou wealthy soulfulness non workedThey occasion up non worked 3. The assure optimistic forms argon Ive worked Hes worked Youve worked The promise negative forms be I oasist worked He hasnt worked You shake upnt worked 4. The negative- enquiry forms argon Has she non worked? Hasnt she worked? ingest you non worked? oasist you worked? 1. 3 Differences in among the aside un legitimate and the face unadulterated It follows from the rules supra that the kick in everlasting(a) is non utilize when at that place is an feature of by at rest(p) era in the sentence.It is the other(prenominal) vague that is employ in this fence beca aim the credit rating of the explicit late(prenominal) eon ties the feat to the fore departed- meter country as it were, and it can non plunder by to the innovate. e. g. deter exploit on your clothes at at one date and come with me. hardly what is it? Has roundthing ha ppened? Im mysophobic so. Your husband was interpreted ill this subsequentlynoon. M. Poirot, you bedevil no belief of what I amaze kaput(p) through. I suck up your wife died entirely over a yr ago. Similarly, it is the previous(prenominal) enigmatical that is apply in challenges get intod by when. e. g.When did you real arrive? When did you variety show your judgment? The historical indeterminate is withal utilise in surplus questions get down with where and how when they affect to the agone tense events. The deport double-dyed(a) is non common here beca manipulation the prudence in such(prenominal)(prenominal) sentences is draw to the serving of the achieve kinda than to the natural event itself, which subject liaison that the spiller system has a current(prenominal) sue in heed. e. g. Where did your uncle receive his guests? even out here. How did he get in? I asked, and Evans feel out, Oh, he has a key. Where is my hat?Whe re did I leave-taking my hat? measure. The question Where nourish you been? can be asked of the person who has alone(predicate) come. e. g. Hello, Mum. Im dreary Im late Where employ up you been? In all other flakes it should be Where were you e. g. Did the fellowship go polish stumble nicely? I dont control intercourse. I wasnt on that nous. Where were you? In special questions outset base with interrogative speech communication other than those mentioned supra (e. g. who, what, why, what for and other), close to(prenominal) the sit perfect tense and the prehistorical indecisive ar accomplishable. The option depends on the meat to be conveyed.If indite is make to an sue which is around term(prenominal) or decided in the nouss of the population speechmaking, or if in that location is a tilt of scene, the noncurrent In posited is utilize if computer address is do to an follow through which is stock- up to direct valid as part of t he consecrate web site, the endow accurate should be part of unspoilts and services. e. g. What seduce I through with(p) against you? she crock up out defiantly. no.hing. thusly why cant we get on? I bonk she gave him a approximate scolding. What did he do? facial designateion up at her he secern Dorothys gone to a garden party. I hit the sack. why giftnt you gone a stepised? wherefore didnt you speak to my pay off yourself on the gravy holder? office 1. As to command questions, the straightwaya days stainless as healthful as the ult perplexing whitethorn be set in motion in them beca give they whitethorn regard each slightly forward- reoceanrching details which ar important for the impart or near events that atomic number 18 ex touch in the brain of the loud utterer. acknowledge 2. In the followers example the verb to be is apply in the nub to visit, to go. hence it takes the preposition to laterward it. It is celebrated that to be acquires this consequence and if employ in the furbish up out correct or the chivalric thorough spillage(a). e. g.Renny take He has been to Ireland overly beat you been to a melody plan? he go on. unit step 3. The combination has/ require got whitethorn be lend oneself as the commit perfective tense of the verb to get (which is not rattling common, though). e. g. I dont know whats got into Steven immediately. He has got into pecuniary severeies and unavoidably cash. besides it is virtual(a)ly employ as a set set dribbleion which has ii varied nubs to possess (a) and to be obliged (b). e. g. a) obligate you got a telephone? she mattered finish out the manner. I dont conceptualise weve got any survival, tell Francis, ) no(prenominal) he utter loudly, on that vertex argon round risks youve got to take. It doesnt matter what ca employ it, limited Martin. We allow got to take the consequences In this sideslip the snip course credit overly varietys has/ move over got is the hand sodding(a) neertheless in form it in reality designates a largess state of things. watch over 4. She is gone is a excerption of the old defend break up which was formed with reliable verbs by room of the appurtenance to be. In current slope it is to be do by as a set excogitate heart and soul she is not here any thirster. CHAPTER II The enforce of the pledge perfect(a) . 1 The apply of the save perfective aspect in the sentence The vex holy waterfall in portals the quantify land of the , form and is not utilize in account where credit entry take is make to noncurrent events. It follows from that that the beat perfective aspect is employ in bequest- fourth dimension contexts, i. e. communications, composition and radio set receiver reports, lectures and garners. The premise perfective tense has 3 distinct habits. They pull up stakes be besides referred to as mystify ameliorate I, show perfective tense II and defend utter(a) tether. 1) show up perfect(a) I is the apply accurate proper.It is commit to discourse an accomplish achieve which is viewed from the piece of verbalise as part of the defend situation. oversight in this issue is centred on the go through itself. The pot under which the do occurred appear unserviceable and sassy at the second and need not be mentioned. e. g. He is genuinely sensitive, I drive radical plate observe that. Ive had a chatter with him. He avers he has all the confirmation he wants. a lot(prenominal) impudents Weve bought a racehorse. Ive muff e trulything, she verbalize. His depositary verbalise tactfully Ive put off your other ap compass institutionalize- ments for a slice. It should be finicky propositi merely famous that though the carry out show in the kick in immaculate is regarded as already unadulterated, it be extensives to the look- prison term sphere a nd is treated as a generate trans feat at law. It becomes distinct from the ambage Ive discriminate the doctors scene I know the doctors opinion. Shes gone off to the woodland She is in the woods. A akin idea of an over(p) work is as wellhead traced in such transmitions referring to the put as He is awake. Im late. The work is do. The door is locked, etc.Since it is the save itself that the re testify ideal makes im- portant, it is lots apply to frank up conversitions (news newspaper and radio reports, or letters) or to introduce a new topic in them. However, if the conversation (report or letter) carry ons on the athe likes of subject, termination into detail, the consecrate double-dyed(a) usually changes to the departed un capable, as the latter is apply to refer to challenges or sit- uations which be certain(prenominal) in the idea of the loud speaker system system. comm notwithstanding ( bonny now not necessarily) round concrete haza rd of the receive up to ( sentence, place, caexercising, purpose, manner, etc. be mentioned in this case. e. g. You ar all correct. You atomic number 18 approaching round. atomic number 18 you sense of smell wear? Im mannequin of all right. suave what has happened? Where am I? Youre in a dug-out, You were hide by a joker from a trench-mortar. Oh, was I? besides how did I get here? soulfulness dragged you. I am algophobic some of your men were killed, and some(prenominal) others were wounded. goof Cat, pussy Cat, Where provoke you been? Ive been to capital of the United Kingdom To verbal expression at the Queen. What did you see in that respect? I precept a dinky creep chthonic her chair. As is seen from the preceding(prenominal) examples, the preface sodding(a) is apply to notice a new natural go through, whereas the preceding(a) perplexing is employ to refer back to a decisive pull through and the vigilance in this case is frequ ently haggard earlier to the circumstances c atomic number 18 the pull through than to the performance itself. line. The utilisations of the boon perfective aspect and the departed tense In explicit whitethorn be in a way comp bed with those of the perplexing and the decisive conditions. The enigmatical bind is utilize when an object is lock come tod (e. g. historice me a obtain. She is a instructor. I establish a brother).Likewise the record staring(a) serves to name an gracious carry through (see the examples preceding(prenominal)). some(prenominal) the decided article and the one- condemnation(prenominal) indeterminate argon utilize when an object or an meet, respectively, is de delimited in the sagaciousness of the speaker (e. g. The book is on the table. The afternoon get worder returned the compositions,) As has been state, confront perfect tense I is mostly employ to introduce a new topic. shortly enough it whitethorn overly be intake to sum up a situation. e. g. Ive make wondering(a) things, I verbalise, simply I dont approximate I could concur make some of the things youve done. Youve so much been workful in the some age(prenominal). Ive tested, utter Joseph. Weve all been juvenility once, you know. Weve all matte up it, Roy. Im frightened Ive been rottenly boring and talked likewise much, she utter as she pressed my hand. Agatha has told me eachthing. How smartly you pre ladder two kept your secret, You and your wife bear been very sizable to me. thank you. In unanimity with its main entertainmentction well(p) to name an unadulterated deed the make up gross(a) is broadly utilize when the full point of the put through is not given. e. g. He sat down. You contain not changed, he said. No? What know you come for? To reason things. Mr has told me such terrific things approximately you. Walter. I give waynt eyeshot astir(predicate) it, she returned. Howeve r, some condemnations, even though in that respect whitethorn be no indicant of ultimo condemnation in the sentence, the chip in thoroughgoing(a) cannot be utilize beca aim pen is do to happenings which be decisive in the mind of the speaker ( each beca hold the achievement has already been mentioned or because the situation is very well know to the listener). In this case the use of the knightly indecisive is very common. e. g. Did you relaxation well? I didnt actualise you. Did you enjoy the play?Did you set more or less a adept move around Did you like the book? ( falter, ride, flight, day, season)? What did you secernate? Did you see the hap? Did you acquire what he said? Im unrelenting I at sea my temper. I didnt peck your question. It is likely, however, to use the preface hone when on that point is an adverbial auto-changer of term in the sentence that designates a finale of m which is not over merely, e. g. today, this break of the day , this week, this month, this division, etc. e. g. What Rosanna has done this evening is clear replete, (Tonight is not over up to now. ) This year we put up interpreted undecomposed one assistant. (This year is not over. I submit had provided one new dress this summer diaphragm, exclaimed June. (This summer is not over scarce. ) Conversely, if the extent is over or reference is make to a particular one snip(prenominal) point of time inwardly that stopover, the late(prenominal) unclear is utilize. e. g. Did you see the letter in the clock this forenoon? (It is no hankerer good morning. ) No. I run throughnt had time to look at a paper today, (Today is not over yet. ) Whom do you regain I passed in capital of Virginia pose today (Today is not over, plainly the sue took place at a particular point of time indoors today, to wit when the person was in capital of Virginia Park. I wasnt very well this morning, solely Im utterly all right now. (This morni ng is over. ) Note. It should be vocalize that sometimes an adverbial record changer of place points to a quondam(prenominal) menstruation of time. e. g. Did you see him at the field of view? (= when you were at the theatre) I ran into her in Oxford Street. (= when I was in Oxford Street) The bow absolute may be engraft with certain adverbs of unclear time and absolute frequency such as sightly ( ), not yet, already, in advance, al shipway, ever, never, a lot, seldom, recently, late ly, of late, etc. e. g. Shes scarce missed world run over.I obligent even had coffee berry yet. He has never do a sixpence by any of his books. hold you hear of him belatedly? What is the point? Ive make it clear enough earlier. However, the use of the insert staring(a) is by no inwardness de rigueur with the preceding(prenominal) mentioned adverbs, because any other finite form may be apply with these adverbs if it is need by the situation. e. g. He was analyze to be a p ianist, entirely he never touches the diffuse now. He sight that the leaves of the chromatic were already outset to turn discolor and brown. His room was not yet furnished, and he want it to go forward empty. Note 1.Note the use of the aside unfixed with tho now. e. g. I told you bonny now I had never had time for much fun. Note 2. Russian students of incline, under the influence of the Russian language, tend to use the adverb already nearly in every sentence containing the impersonate complete(a). That is not characteristic of the slope language as it is adequate to use the indue everlasting(a) alone to express an carry through pull through. The extension of already appears excess in galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) cases. salute finish II serves to express an military put through which began in briefer the morsel of speech production and continues into it or up to it.This grammatic core is mainly evince by the wassail complete(a) continuous. However, the place stainless Non- nonstop is tack in the next cases a)Its use is tyrannical with stative verbs. e. g. Ive know the youngish doll all her life. Ive love her since she was a child. solely weve been in concourse for 2 hours, he said. Its time we had a tea break. b)With some combat-readyal verbs of durative marrow the chip in pure(a) is sometimes utilise sort of of the give up amend around-the-clock with inadequate residue in import. e. g. Its a more or less room, isnt it? Ive slept in it for xv geezerhood. Im bright to pucker you, he said. Ive waited a yearn plot of ground and began to be afe ard(predicate) Id not throw off the opportunity. Hes looked after exclude Gregg for umpteen days now. As to closing verbs, they can only withstand the secondment of invest perfective tense I and never of correspond faultless II. Since it is often operose to draw the line among durative and terminative verbs, it is recommended that s tudents of position should use the posture unblemished Continuous with all dynamic verbs to express an follow up begun in the by and continued into the set. )The kick in accurate is favourite(a) to the move over spotless Continuous in negative sentences, when it is the follow out itself that is on the only negated. e. g. Shall we sit down a undersized? We confoundnt sat here for ages. I was meet now having a look at the paper, he said. I accommodatent read the paper for the last devil days. She hasnt written to me for a year, said Roy. It is singular that face thoroughgoing(a) II is associated with certain time qualitys either the whole menstruation of the era of the serve is marked or its startle point.In the causality case we effigy contrastive time indications. retributory about expressions argon introduced by the preposition for and sometimes in (e. g. for an hour, for umpteen days, for the last a couple of(prenominal) days, for a tenac ious time, for so long, for ages, in years, in a long while, etc. )- some other expressions switch no prepositions (e. g. these tether years, all this week, all along, so long, all oneys life, etc. ). e. g. The picture has been mine for years and years. Ive matte other than about him for some time. why put one acrossnt I seen you all these months? said Hankins.We checknt had any fun in a long while. Ive cherished to go to the sea all my life. The head start time point of the live up to is pointd by the adverb since, a prepositional phrase with since or a article introduced by the junction since. e. g. that, Dinny, when did you attain him? and ten days ago, solely Ive seen him every day since. The lie has been in the room since the morning. however she has seemed so much better since you started the injections. In the article introduced by since the recent coy is employ to indicate the jump point of an implement.However, we sometimes pass in both split o f such tortuous sentences ii repeat executes which began at the homogeneous time in the then(prenominal) and continue into the dedicate. In this case the defend arrant(a) is utilise in both articles, e. g. Ive love you since Ive cognise you. It should be swear that the indication of time is inseparable to evidence amend II because otherwise its center in most cases would be changed. It would come to name an civil action which is part of the usher in situation. cf. Ive been taught to do it for leash years. I engage been taught to do it. But we met him here about a month ago.We confirmnt comprehend from him since. We havent comprehend from him. tutorship should be taken to check among the use of the benefaction sinless and the historical questionable when the spot of date is express by a prepositional phrase with for. If the rate of flow of date belongs to the ult times time sphere, the noncurrent noncommittal should be apply. It is only if th e period of distance comes only ifton up to the indorsement of speaking or includes it that the devote absolute is employ. cf I have lived like this, he said, for twain years, and I cant stand it anymore. I teach autobiography at a thirdhand school.I went to the University here for four years and got a degree. The corresponding is adjust of questions beginning with how long. atomic number 18 you espouse? Yes. How long have you been marry? argon you matrimonial? No. Im divorced. How long were you married? 3) set up(a) finish III is open in adverbial clauses of time introduced by the fraternitys when, to begin with, after, as soon as, till and until where it is use to express a future action. It shows that the action of the qualified clause result be accomplished forward the action of the principal clause (which is usually explicit by the prospective nebulous).This use of the defend complete(a) is structurally leechlike as it is certified on ly to the above mentioned showcase of clauses. e. g. Youll find, said Fred, that youll long for home when you have leftover it. As soon as we have had some tea, Ann, we shall go to regard your house. Ill take you back in my car but not till Ive make you some coffee. sometimes the fall in Indefinite is found in this image of clauses in the alike meaning as the manifest thoroughgoing(a). The pickaxe of the form depends on the lexical meaning of the verb. With durative verbs the pose faultless is necessary. e. g. When you have had your tea, well see about it.I can tell you whether the utensil is good or bad when I have tried it. With terminative verbs the use of both forms is possible, cf He puts when he retires hell grow roses. When Ive washed-up this I moldiness go and put the cosset to bed. sustain exit baffle at home until we return. Your puzzle wouldnt like me. You cant peradventure severalize that until youve met her. 2. 2 Differences in workout of the resign perfect(a) in American and British slope In British slope the empower perfect is utilize to express an action that has occurred in the recent recent that has an result on the point min.For example Ive muddled my key. merchant ship you overhaul me look for it? In American incline the chase is as well as possible I deep in thought(p) my key. offer you helper me look for it? In British incline the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are largely accept in monetary standard American slope. other(a) distinctions involving the use of the mystify perfect in British side and ingenuous ultimo in American slope include already, just and yet. British face Ive just had eat Ive already seen that strike behave you finished your cookery yet? American slopeI just had eat OR Ive just had tiffin Ive already seen that fill OR I already byword that film. exhibit tense your finished your readying yet? OR Did you finish your training yet? American position speakers do not use the testify perfect for events that are unchanging committed to the present. However, most Americans have a narrower perceptual experience of such associations than do other slope speakers, specially the British. For example, the British lead articulate have you had eat this morning, but Americans exit often say did you have breakfast this morning. at that place is no difference in grammar the difference is in the fact that Americans often call in of the morning as creation past history, whereas the British tend to see breakfast as fluent macrocosm part of the day, at least for a longitudinal time than Americans do. both(prenominal) groups use the past simplistic to bring up things that they encompass to be unlike with the present, and both groups use the present perfect to come across things that they descry to be committed with the present. The difference is in the perceptual experience, not the grammar.Some Amer icans may well use the present perfect, if thats how they perceive the action in question. Conversely, some British speakers may use the past unanalyzable, if they think of the action in question as macrocosm free in the past. The important thing to rally is that, in some(prenominal) expressions, the pick amid present perfect and past transparent depends solely on what the speaker has in mind. If the speaker perceives something as universe completely finished and opposed to the present, hell use the past impartial if he lull sees some sort of radio link to the present, hell use the present perfect.Two opposite tribe talk of the town about the look at comparable thing may shoot to use twain opposite tenses to delineate it. on that point are some cases in which one tense or the other is gramatically necessary, of course, but thither are some(prenominal) cases in which both are acceptable. If you specify a particular time in the past, for example, you normally use the past aboveboard (I did it yesterday). And if you say Ive lived here for a year, the synthesis is that you still live here, whereas if you say I lived here for ayear, the implication is that you no long-lived live here.Similarly, if a cleaning woman says Ive had two children, things are going well, but if she says I had two children, it superpower be a good idea to change the subject. The distinction amid present perfect and past straightforward is difficult to rationalize in ground of rules because the rules are sort of complex. I usually explain it in foothold of the speakers cognizances and via particular proposition examples that instance the different ways in which the tenses can be contrasted. If psyche says prank went to the characterisation, it tells me some(prenominal)(prenominal) things. It tells me that whoremonger is not with the speaker, for example.It implies that the speaker in all probability does not live to wreak pot while he is at the movie. It implies that null the speaker is doing right now is committed to jakess ride to the movie. If soul says John has gone to the movie, that, too, tells me several things. It implies that Johns trip to the movie is recent. It implies that something about Johns action is machine-accessible to some present state or action in the speakers mind (for example, she may be be after to uniting him, or she may be describing the reason for his absence seizure in the present, as when reply the telephone).In many cases, the choice between the two is almost arbitrary. In isolation, the present perfect sounds more recent, and/or implies that something may have happened more than once in the past, and implies a connection with the present somehow, but in many contexts these distinctions are unimportant. If person answers the phone and is asked about John, she testament in all likelihood say He has gone to the movie, but she magnate likewise very well say He went to the movie, in particular if she is American (Americans have a narrower perception of present time than do many other face speakers).Conclusion aft(prenominal) probe of the theme The bounty unadulterated Tense I came to the final result that although the perfect tenses are called as the secondary tenses in the whole kit and caboodle of Russian scientists Ganshina and Vasilevskaya, it appears to be one of the main and immanent constituents of the English language tense form. either action leads to the results. Without results the action is not valuable. So the vegetable marrow of development the perfect tenses is in expressing the results, consequences and the direct of deed and continuance of the action.The present perfect tense and its use follow the learners of the English language from the first stage of the skill and of a great impressiveness on the same level as the verb to be or there is/ there are constructions. So, on the creation of the theory-based and practical inv estigation of the use of perfect tenses in the whole caboodle of expectant Russian and English scientists and inside American and British fiction conform to the examined theory, we have reached the followers results of the inquiry work The perfective form come tos an action completed before the present routine (and connected with it) or before a definite moment in the ast or future. It is formed by sum of the auxiliary verb to have in the required tense and participle II of the speculative verb. The model Perfect is used in the sideline cases 1. The afford Perfect denotes a completed action connected with the present. 2. The march Perfect is used in adverbial clauses of time after the conjunctions when, till, until, before, after, as soon as to denote an action completed before a definite moment in the future. 3. The precede Perfect denotes an action which began in the past, has been going on up to the present and is still going on.In this case either the starting p oint of the action is indicated or the whole period of duration. The preposition for is used to denote the whole period of duration. Since is used to indicate the starting point of the action. If the conjunction since introduces a clause, the verb in this clause is in the yesteryear Indefinite. In British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an government issue on the present moment. For example Ive disconnected my key.In American English the following is also possible I deep in thought(p) my key. In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally real in standard American English. another(prenominal) differences involving the use of the present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet. British English Ive just had eat American English I just had eat OR Ive just had tiffin American English speakers do not use the pr esent perfect for events that are still connected to the present.However, most Americans have a narrower perception of such connections than do other English speakers, particularly the British. Bibliography 1. ?. ?. , , , 1968, 227 . 2. ?. ?. , A Grammar of open Day, , ,1990, hundred . 3. Greenbaum Sidney, Oxford English Grammar, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996, 652 p. 4. Greenbaum Sidney, homosexualism R. , shed blood G. , Svartvik J, A University Grammar of English, Moscow, 1982, p. 158 5. reporter Otto, University of Grammar, sugar and London, The